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Cover of They Were White and They Were Slaves by Michael A. Hoffman II

They Were White and They Were Slaves

The Untold History of the Enslavement of Whites in Early America

by Michael A. Hoffman II

3/5
Independent History & Research 137 pages January 1, 1991

A controversial examination of the history of white indentured servitude and enslavement in early colonial America. Hoffman argues that the historical record of European bondage in the New World has been deliberately suppressed, documenting the kidnapping, sale, and brutal treatment of white laborers in the colonies from the 17th century onward.

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Jim's Review

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This is one of those books that makes people uncomfortable just seeing the title — which is exactly why Jim thinks you should read it. Whether you agree with every claim or not, it forces you to confront parts of colonial history that don't fit neatly into the standard narrative. It's short, it's provocative, and it'll have you digging through primary sources to fact-check for yourself. That's what good history books do — they make you want to learn more. Three worms — important questions, do your own research.

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